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| Most Common Name: |
Quinine | | Also
Known As (other names): | |
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Quinine: One of the Quinoline Alkaloids, Quinine is best known
for its antimalarial properties. It is used by the pharmaceutical industry as a
major component in anti-malarial drugs. Quinine is also a febrifuge and
muscle relaxant. Side effects are bleeding and bruising, vertigo, tinnitus
and a skin rash.
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Quinoline Alkaloids: Quinoline alkaloids are common in the
Rutacea family of plants.
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Alkaloids Typical alkaloids are alkaline organic vegetable
substances containing one or more nitrogen atoms. This nitrogen base is capable
of combining with acids to form crystalline salts. Most alkaloids are derived
from amino acids while a few are derived from isoprene units. Alkaloids are white or colourless solids containing oxygen (oxygen
free alkaloids are few and far between and then can only exist as liquids) Most
alkaloids are not water soluble, extraction is normally by tincture.
Alkaloids are found in about one quarter of all flowering plants. Thousands of
alkaloids have been identified from a large number of plants where the alkaloid
can be present in virtually every part of the plant or just a specific part like
rhizome, leaf or seed.
Alkaloids
generally have profound physiological impact on the human body and nervous
system effects are predominant.
Many alkaloids are used as extracted and refined compounds derived from the
actual plants or synthesised compounds in pharmaceutical drugs.
Several Alkaloids are banned in many countries because of the extreme impact
on the nervous system (strychnine for instance is a deadly poison in very small
doses) and the habit forming nature of some of the alkaloid compounds. |
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Quinine constituent is present in: |
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Medicinally Significant
volume |
Minor volume
Quinine is present in small quantities which may
not be enough to be a significant dosage for medicinal purposes
or is not the major constituent of this plant/herb |
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